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Heat Treating Metal: An Overview Altering the properties of a metal requires the use of heat, or removing heat using a quenching technique. Treating metal with heat, or cooling it after it is heated, can alter the next properties to various degrees: ductility, hardness, softness, stress, and tensile strength. To attain Silverline Structures or more of the properties, one or more of the next treatments may be used: annealing, tempering, hardening, quenching, normalizing, and stress relieving. An overview of each treatment is the following: Annealing Annealing removes stresses or induces softness to boost ductility or formability, respectively. Common forms of annealing include: Bright annealing- Bright annealing is conducted in vacuum pressure furnace, bell annealer, or controlled atmosphere furnace to avoid oxidation. It is typically performed on chromium alloys such as for example stainless steel. Process annealing- Process annealing makes metal better to cold roll or draw. It can also make it more formable for bending applications. Recovery annealing- Recovery annealing restores ductility and reduces stresses in cold worked metal. Full annealing- Full annealing produces the softest, most stress-free metal. It is typically performed to make metal easier to machine, or even to improve its dimensional stability. Annealing occurs in a temperature range of 300�F - 2250�F. Tempering Tempering reduces stresses and unwanted hardness due to quenching. It is often performed after quenching that follows brazing or annealing. The tempering process occurs in a temperature selection of 350�F - 1250�F. Hardening Hardening is really a heating treating process that improves the mechanical properties and hardness of metals. It is typically performed by means of "quenching." Common hardening methods include: Water quenching- Water quenching improves the strength and hardness of low and medium carbon steel. Oil quenching- Oil quenching improves the strength and hardness of medium and high carbon steel. Air quenching- Air quenching improves the strength and hardness of low and medium carbon steel while reducing the chance of distortion. Age hardening- Age hardening is conducted on alloys that harden due to age or the current presence of precipitation. Hardening takes place in a temperature selection of 300�F - 2250�F. Normalizing Normalizing is conducted on ferrous metals to improve their mechanical properties, or even to improve their response to the hardening process. Normalizing takes place in a temperature range of 1600�F - 1800�F. Stress Relieving Stress relieving relieves stresses in metal to boost dimensional stability and tensile strength. Common types of stress inducers include: flame cutting, cold working, quenching, and welding fabrication. The stress relieving process takes place in a temperature range of 300�F - 1400�F. Conclusion The list above is really a basic overview of heat treating processes offered by professional metal treatment services. Whenever a company needs to alter the properties of metal pieces or assemblies, having them treated with these processes can bring remarkable cost savings in comparison to buying new components. To find out more on the processes above along with other metal working processes such as brazing, contact a metal treatment service today.
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